Therefore, a cognitive deficit can be observed in mTBI participants, even 1 year after injury. There was no difference between any of the other groups. Participants with mTBI and persistent PCS had significantly greater error rates on both the n-Back and PVSAT, at every difficulty level except 0-Back (used as a test of performance validity). Both groups were split by PCS diagnosis (4 groups, all n = 18), with categorization of controls based on symptom report. Thirty-six participants with mTBI (>1 year post-injury) and 36 non-head injured controls performed information processing speed (Paced Visual Serial Addition Task, PVSAT) and working memory (n-Back) tasks. We hypothesized that this variability could be reduced by accounting for post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in the sample. In fact, the variability inherent to the mTBI population may be masking subtle cognitive deficits. Although a proportion of individuals report chronic cognitive difficulties after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), results from behavioral testing have been inconsistent.
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